The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid - 825 Words

The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid (Research Paper Sample) Content: THE EFFECTS OF WAR AND PEACE ON FOREIGN AIDNameCourse TitleInstitution NameCourse InstructorDateThe Effects of War and Peace on Foreign AidForeign aid refers to any form of assistance that a country may receive from another country or from internationally-established institutions such as the United Nations or IMF. This assistance may in form of finances, humanitarian aids, military aid etc. Any form of assistance from a nation to another is referred to as foreign aid. Usually, foreign aid is given to countries that are hit by epidemics or seem to be in a financial crisis that has adversely affected their economy. It should be noted that foreign aid is basically on a voluntary basis and a country is therefore, not indebted to a foreign country whenever they offer such assistance. On the other hand, a country can seek foreign aid whenever a crisis hits her. Foreign aid is not aimed at indemnifying a nation, rather, it is used to help assist in a situation that the count ry is unable to handle. For instance, when a war or an epidemic happens, other countries may offer military assistance to help contain the situation (Sachs, 2005). For instance, when some countries in Africa were hit by the Ebola Menace, a country like USA offered military help to assist in containing the situation and/or evacuations to avert a situation where the disease would have spread.It should be noted that foreign aid is a form of assistance that, for the most part of it, helps strengthen relations between countries. For instance, countries which offer foreign aid to a particular nation are usually given a first hand in investing in that nation (Harrison, 2000). This in turn, strengthens the relations and encourages the spirit of unity, peace and cooperation among nations. However, foreign aid is adversely affected in case war breaks out between nations. For instance, when a nation is at conflict with an ally, then foreign aid cannot be given form such a nation (Riddell, 2007 ). This implies that, cases of war are detrimental to the existence of cooperation between nations through foreign aid. Further, it implies that peace between nations is the only avenue through which foreign aid can be conducted effectively. Besides, it should be understood that a country cannot offer foreign aid to a nation which it is at conflict with. Further, when a nation has an ally who seems to be at war with a country it offers foreign aid, then the same services are again negatively affected. This paper will therefore discuss the effects of peace and war on foreign aid. To arrive at the conclusions statistical analysis was carried out in relation to the topic of discussion.The Effects of War of Foreign AidWar is a state of conflict between two or more parties. When countries are at war, it implies that they are not in terms and seem to disagree on one or two diplomatic issues or matters of international interest. The WW1 and WW2 represent eras that depicted a state of confl ict between countries. Foreign aid was established long ago even before the world wars and the International Crisis (Lundsgaarde, 2012). Countries could assist one another in areas such as humanitarian assistance, financial assistance and even military assistance. However, whenever a war breaks out, foreign aid is brought to a standstill (Anderson, 2009). Specifically, developed countries are the main providers of foreign aid. For the most part of it, developed countries always seem to be competing against each other in terms of development, economy, diplomacy and military competence and/or technology. When a nation is at war with another country their relationship maybe destroyed. This is because the assisting nation will shy away and stops offering any form of help to the country (Riddell, 2007).Moreover, a country may stop offering foreign aid to another country that may seem to be with at war with another country allied to it (Harrison, 2000). For instance, if China is an ally w ith the United States of America, they may stop offering foreign aid to France, if it is at war with USA. This is because China cannot afford to compromise its relation with USA over financial aid to France. This is especially when such a relationship is beneficial in comparison to the nation in question. On the other hand, if, say, USA is an ally to India, and it happens the two nations disagree on one issue of diplomacy or of international interest, then, if USA was offering foreign aid to India, then it might stop or vice versa. In essence, it should be noted that war or a state of conflict between nations compromises the effectiveness of foreign aid and a country can completely stop offering financial help to another country (Sachs, 2005).

The History of the Kitchen Blender

In 1922, Stephen Poplawski invented the blender. For those of you who have never been in a kitchen or a bar, a blender is a small electric appliance that has a tall container and blades that chop, grind, and puree food and beverages. Patented in 1922 Stephen Poplawski was the first to put a spinning blade at the bottom of a container. His beverage mixer blender was developed for the Arnold Electric Company and received Patent Number US 1480914. It is recognizable as what is called a blender in the United States and a liquidizer in Britain. It has a beverage container with a rotating agitator that is placed onto a stand containing the motor that drives the blades. This allows drinks to be mixed on the stand, then the container removed to pour out the contents and clean the vessel. The appliance was designed to make soda fountain drinks. Meanwhile, L.H. Hamilton, Chester Beach and Fred Osius formed the Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Company in 1910. It became well known for its kitchen appliances and manufactured the Poplawski design. Fred Osius later began working on ways to improve the Poplawski blender. The Waring Blender Fred Waring, a one-time Penn State architectural and engineering student, was always fascinated by gadgets. He first achieved fame fronting the big band, Fred Waring, and the Pennsylvanians, but the blender made Waring a household name. Fred Waring was the financial source and marketing force that thrust the Waring Blender into the marketplace, but it was Fred Osius who invented and patented the famous blending machine in 1933. Fred Osius knew that Fred Waring had a fondness for new inventions, and Osius need money to make improvements to his blender. Talking his way into Fred Warings dressing room following a live radio broadcast in New York’s Vanderbilt Theatre, Osius pitched his idea and received a promise from Waring to back further research. Six months and $25,000 later, the blender still suffered technical difficulties. Undaunted, Waring dumped Fred Osius and had the blender redesigned once again. In 1937, the Waring-owned Miracle Mixer blender was introduced to the public at the National Restaurant Show in Chicago retailing for $29.75. In 1938, Fred Waring renamed his Miracle Mixer Corporation as the Waring Corporation, and the mixers name was changed to the Waring Blendor, the spelling of which was eventually changed to Blender. Fred Waring went on a one-man marketing campaign that began with hotels and restaurants he visited while touring with his band and later spread to upscale stores such as Bloomingdale’s and B. Altman’s. Waring once touted the Blender to a St. Louis reporter saying, †¦this mixer is going to revolutionize American drinks. And it did. The Waring Blender became an important tool in hospitals for the implementation of specific diets, as well as a vital scientific research device. Dr. Jonas Salk used it while developing the vaccine for polio. In 1954, the millionth Waring Blender was sold, and it is still as popular today. Waring Produces are now a part of Conair.

How to Do a Quickweave Essay - 708 Words

Melissa Williams English 101 Essay 1: How to do A Quick Weave Ladies have you ever wanted to change your hairstyle and didn’t know what to do? Do you ever get tired of looking the same way? Do you want to look classy with long flowing hair? Here is a great idea for you. Quick weaves are beautiful, fast to do, and easy to maintain. It doesn’t cost a lot, and the hair would make you fall in love with yourself. You can have short, long, thin, or thick hair. It doesn’t matter this will work for you. You will receive information on the tools you need, the steps, and the styling. It is the beginning of a beautiful makeover. The main ingredient for this process is the hair extensions. You can go to the nearest beauty supply†¦show more content†¦Take the hair that’s hanging from the ponytail, pull it tight, split it in half, and gel both sides down. Sit under the dryer for one hour or until your hair is dry and hard. Once your hair is dry you are ready to start the next process. Now get ready to use your hair extensions, glue, and scissors from your supplies. Take the hair out of the packaging and unroll it. Start by laying the tracks in the back from ear to ear and work your way to the top. Once you reach the top of your head where you left the hair out, use it to cover the tracks. Now you have a beautiful quick weave that is ready to style. Long hair is what people usually prefer. With long hair you can take the straightening iron and go over the hair to make it blend. If you like short hair and want a bob pull the hair in the ponytail to the back of your head. Take the scissors and cut the hair that’s hanging out the rubber band off, and take out the rubber band. Use the straightening iron and curl the hair under and there is your bob. Play with your quick weave and style it however you want it’s your hair. Quick weaves are one of the greatest hair styles. If you never had one and you are confused, you can YouTube or Google beautiful, trendy, and popular styles. They are better than wigs, and you can change hairstyles as often as you like. If you have little or no hair and want long hair, this is definitely for you. If you have long hair and it’s thin you can use this

Powder Essay Example For Students

Powder Essay PowderMost likely written by some kind of nut, the film Powder is indeedstrange. Powder is the story of an albilno completely hairless teenager who hasthe power to use an extraordinary amount of his brain capacity. Powder is thearchetypal outsider.Edward Lightning Hands might be a more fitting name for allthe overuse of the already worn out Boo Radley-like misfit who is also adespised prophet type theme. Aside from its lack of orignality it is alsotypically hollywood in its blatant overuse of moral superlatives. The most advanced intellect in the history of mankind, is how one ofthe films many protagonistic representatives of society describes Powderseidetic memory and off the scale IQ.The writer expects the audience to view whatPowder says with more credibility because he has the use of more of his brainthan they do. This is a very powerful way for the writer to communicate theme,by developing a philosophy in an attempt to affect the audience, and havingpowder embody that philosophy so that people will see him as some sort of rolemodel. In general, this idea could work, but the writer of this particular filmobviuosly missed the boat here. Instead of the independence imbodied in most people, Powder belives in aunification of all humans, every single one, through some sort of single-consciousness. The idea of using Powder as a role model can work, but theaudience has to view powder as being worthy. Here Powder views people, unwillingto accept the idea of a single-consciousness solely on faith, as closed-minded. This dogmatic type of view nullifies any worth powder might have had as a rolemodel, and it dooms any chance the message of the film, which supposedlypresents a different, better, and higher, view of things, ever had ofinfluencing people. Besides the implied message, the film itself is just plain awful. Withclich after clich and an abundance of predictable scenes, its a wonder anyonecould think this movie was worth making. A semi-conscious two-year old couldpredict exactly what would happen next, and who would suddenly reappear in thefilm. The whole addition of a love interest was inane and irrelevant to thepoint the writer was trying to get across. The suposedly touching scenes wereobviously predictable, and although some are well acted, they add nothong butanother impractical twist to the storyOne good point about this movie is the addition of Jeff Goldblum asPowders science teacher. Whoever typecast Golblum as a nutty scientistpondering technology versus humanity really knew what they were doing, beacauseit works wonderfully. His delivery of lines in the film is impeccable, oftenmagnifying the script to more than it deserves to be. His talent as an actorshines clear and true in what is possibly the best line of the best line of themovie: you want to know why he doesnt have a hair on his body, beacause he iselectolysis..drink that in. Though powder is interesting and a bit thought provoking it is best usedas an example of what not to see at the theater. It is in the whole a poorlyconsructed and cliche film that ends up with an awkward message. In theory weare to model our lives around what Powder would do, or what he would think aboutwhat we are doing. Goldblum admits that we live in a dark age of man, where we are doing everythin we can merely so we dont kill each other. Therefore, weare supposed to live our lives as pwder would have us live them? Yeah right!Music and Movies

Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Essay Example

Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Paper The pressure distribution around an Ellipto Zhukovsky aerofoil with a chord of 254 mm at a range of angles of attack (-4? , 7? and 15? ) was determined and pressure contributions to lift were evaluated in a T3 wind tunnel at City University. This was carried out at a chord Reynolds number of 3. 9 x 105. Graphs for lift and pitching moment coefficients were plotted against angles of attack. A graph for Cm and Cl was also plotted from which the aerodynamic centre was determined to be 23. 7%. The value of lift curve slope was determined to be 4. 4759. Hence the value of k (the ratio of the actual lift curve slope to the theoretical one) for this aerofoil was determined to be 0. 917. The value of Cmo was also found to be 0. 0172. Specimen calculations for 15 degrees angle of attack can be found in the appendix section. LIST OF SYMBOLS Cp Pressure Coefficient Cpu Pressure Coefficient of upper surface Cpl Pressure Coefficient of lower surface Cl Lift Coefficient Cm Moment Coefficient x/c Position of pressure tapping on aerofoil divided by chord length Px Pressure at tapping x (Pa) Patm Atmospheric Pressure (Pa) ? Density of air (kg/m3) i Dynamic viscosity ? Kinematics viscosity (m/s2) We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer h Digital manometer reading ? angle of which manometer is inclined D or t Diameter of cylinder (mm) h tunnel height (mm) V Velocity of air flow (m/s) R Molar gas constant (J/kg. K) T Temperature (K) Re Reynolds Number INTRODUCTION An airfoil is any part of an airplane that is designed to produce lift. Those parts of the airplane specifically designed to produce lift include the wing and the tail surface. In modern aircraft, the designers usually provide an airfoil shape to even the fuselage. A fuselage may not produce much lift, and this lift may not be produced until the aircraft is flying relatively fast, but every bit of lift helps. The first successful aerofoil theory was developed by Zhukov sky and was based on transforming a circle onto an aerofoil-shaped contour. This transformation gave a cusped trailing edge, and so the transformation was modified to obtain a slender semi-eclipse trailing edge, which gave rise to the name Ellipto Zhukovsky. When a stream of air flows past an aerofoil, there are local changes in velocity around the aerofoil, and consequently changes in static pressure in accordance with Bernoullis theorem. The distribution of pressure determines the lift, pitching moment, form drag, and centre of pressure of the aerofoil. In our experiment we are concerned with the effect of pressure distribution on lift, pitching moment coefficient (Cm), and centre of pressure. The centre of pressure can be defined as the point on the aerofoil where Cm is zero, and therefore the aerodynamic effects at that point may be represented by the lift and drag alone. A positive pressure coefficient implies a pressure greater than the free stream value, and a negative pressure coefficient implies a pressure less than the free stream value (and is often referred to as suction). Also, at the stagnation point, Cp has its maximum value of 1 (which can be observed by plotting Cp against x/c). Zhucovsky claimed that the aerofoil generates sufficient circulation to depress the rear stagnation point from its position, in the absence of circulation, down to the (sharp) trailing edge. There is sufficient evidence of a physical nature to justify this hypothesis and the following brief description of the Experiment on an aerofoil may serve helpful. The experiment focuses on the pressure distribution around the Zhucovsky airfoil at a low speed and the characteristics associated with an airfoil:  coefficient of lift,   coefficient of pitching moment   and centre of pressure. The airfoil is secured to both sides of the wind tunnel with pressure tappings made as small as possible not to affect the flow,(appendix- photo 1 . The pressure difference around the airfoil is measured with twenty-five manometer readings which are recorded for each angle of attack. The manometer fluid is alcohol and has a specific gravity of 0. 83 and inclined at an angle of 30 degrees. Tube 1 is left open to atmospheric pressure, while tubes 2-13 are the lower surface of the airfoil and tubes 14-24 are the upper surface of the airfoil. The pressure tapings are positioned on the airfoil at a distance x/c, noted in the results table and tube 35 is the static pressure of the wind tunnel. The dynamic pressure is given by a digital manometer. The digital readout results were used for all calculations because they are more precise. Results Raw data and calculated values for x/c, Cp and Cp(x/c) can be found in the appendix. Graphs of Cp against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the lift coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cl. Graphs of Cp*(x/c) against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the pitch moment coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cm. Graphs of Cl against angle of attack ,Cm against angle of attack, and Cm against Cl can be found in the appendix. Also below is a summary of the results: Angle of Attack (degrees) Cl Cm -4 -0. 513 0. 153 7 0. 740 -0. 166 15 0. 946 -0. 183 Discussion The experiment was conducted in a low speed, closed wind tunnel, operating at approximately 50% of its speed. The aerofoil was mounted in the wind tunnel and its pressure tapings connected to a manometer inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal. The height of the liquid in each manometer tube represented the pressure acting on each of the aerofoil tapings. The pressure in the working section, and the pressure at the venturi inlet were taken into account, and a resulting wind tunnel velocity was displayed on a digital manometer. The Reynolds number was calculated (see appendix. Values of Cl and Cm for other angles of attack were obtained from other groups conducting the experiment, and were used to obtain more accurate graphs. It was also found that the slope of the Cl against angle of attack graph was 4. 4759, which was not relatively close to the theoretical value of 7. 105. The aerodynamic centre was calculated at 23. 7% of the chord length (from the slope of the Cm against Cl graph). It was found that the lift increased with angle of attack, up to a point where the aerofoil experiences stall, and a dramatic loss of lift occurs. As there was little change in the lower surface pressure distribution, the lift was mainly generated due to the upper surface suction. As the angle of attack increases, the height of the upper surface suction peak should increase, and move forward, indicating that the centre of pressure is moving forward. However, experimentally this was not prominent, and can be attributed to a possible disturbance in the pressure distribution around the aerofoil. At zero degrees angle of attack, for a symmetrical aerofoil, lift and Cm should equal zero. The reason that they were not zero means that the aerofoil must have had a very small angle of attack. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental value of lift curve slope is due to boundary layer effects, and the effect of the thickness of the aerofoil, and thus the theoretical value needs to be multiplied by the k value (=0. 917) to obtain the experimental result. Conclusion The aim of the experiment was achieved with a relatively good level of experimental accuracy. The pressure distribution over an aerofoil contributes towards the lift and pitching moment coefficient, where the increase in suction on the upper surface (due to an increased angle of attack) increases the lift, and pitching moment coefficient. The variation of pressure distribution also affects the location of the centre of pressure. The factors which affected the pressure distribution, were mainly the thickness and the Reynolds number. However, when it comes to comparing the results with their theoretical values it is clear to see that there have been significant errors have occurred in the experiment. These are listed below. Human errors in reading of the manometer tubes. Where several people were involved and this led to different techniques being used it would have been best for everyone to take their own set of readings and the average value calculated using all the data. The most common error without ant doubt was parallax and this could have been avoided by using digital measuring devices. Calculation errors i. e. rounding off, conversion error and error occurring when the area under the graphs was calculated for the coefficient of lift.   Experimental errors some of the tapping may have been defective and not enough tapping were provided. Also to obtain a better lift curve slope there should have more angles of attack. Also any obstructions in front of the wind tunnel such as people would create unnecessary turbulence inside the wind tunnel. Appendix Specimen Calculations.

Critique on film reviews of James Cameron essays

Critique on film reviews of James Cameron essays The focus of my film review project for this term is the James Camerons 1984 classic, The Terminator. Not surprisingly there was a surplus of original movie reviews out for this film, unlike the previous terms assignment when there was only the Variety and New York Times original reviews. In addition to film reviews from Variety and The New York Times, there are also reviews from Films in Review, The Los Angeles Times, Monthly Film Bulletin, New Statesman, New York Post, Newsday, and Village Voice. As film continued to grow and evolve, so did the media responsible for following it. The reviews are appropriately diverse in what they have to say about the film and there is a large range of opinions on almost all aspects of the film. The phrase, you cant please everybody is very fitting for reviews of The Terminator. The one common vein in the reviews of The Terminator, is that they all found the special effects to be a strong point in the film, although some reviews placed more emphasis on it than others. The Variety and Monthly Film Bulletin, reviews specifically mention the stellar job and overall creativity of Stan Winston, whose specialty on set was for special Terminator effects. The New York Post, and New York Times reviews also make special mention of the special effects job done on Schwarzenegger as the Terminator in the film, although without directly referencing the work of Stan Winston. Very overlooked in the tributes to the special effects though are the contributions of art director George Costello who was responsible for the creation of different environments in the film. The Monthly Film Bulletin states, Art director George Costello works wonders, on Los Angeles converting a downtown restaurant into the new-wave nightclub, Tech Noir (an excellent description, incidentally, of the films whole style), and a deserted steel mill into a police station, a run-down motel and the s...

Adress some aspect of criminal justice system in New York City Essay

Adress some aspect of criminal justice system in New York City - Essay Example ken by the city’s criminal justice system, with the active involvement of people, police and other agencies concerned, have been paying rich dividends with regard to crime control. The concept of ‘problem solving justice’ implemented as part of the reforms into the administration of criminal justice system of the New York City has become a trend setter and is heavily appreciated by other countries also. The reforms were so genuine and result oriented that the Commission on English Prisons Today of the UK recommended in one of its recommendations to the Government to take the reforms as a model for bringing out changes in the country’s criminal justice system (Harwood, Para 1 ). The greatness of the ‘problem solving justice’ lies in its ability to address various issues connected with the root causes of crimes. Constitution of community courts is the main component of this type of justice to attend to and solve the crime-provoking issues in the society. To make the courts successful, cooperation of local people is a must. Bean (2003, p.308) explains that responsibility of crime control is not limited to the police and criminal justice agencies alone and that different agencies and social service providers have to coordinate the efforts towards this end. Community courts, set up with proper inputs by the community members, are meant to develop amity between the community members and the legal fraternity and aimed at the sole purpose of bettering the opportunities such as educational facilities, employment and business opportunities and keeping the youth of the community on the right path (Barak, 2007, p. 586). Corriero (2006, p. 154) has explained that these courts are meant for tackling the burning social issues such as drug abuse, domestic violence, unemployment and mental illness. It is common knowledge that these are the potential issues pushing the youth towards the world of crimes when they are negatively connected with them. It is therefore